C++ reference link

C++는 예전에 배웠던 사람은 이해하기 힘들정도로 이제 완전 새로운 언어가 되어버렸다.

C++11 ; 가장 극적으로 많이 변했음

C++14

C++17

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http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp

C++ reference

 

C++

 

FAQ ASCII chart Compiler support Language Basic concepts Preprocessor Keywords Operator precedence Escape sequences Fundamental types Headers Library concepts Utilities library Type support    (basic types, RTTI, type traits) Dynamic memory management Error handling Program utilities Date and time bitset Function objects pair  −   tuple (C++11) integer_sequence (C++14)

Strings library basic_string Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings Containers library array (C++11) vector deque list forward_list (C++11) set multiset map multimap unordered_set (C++11) unordered_multiset (C++11) unordered_map (C++11) unordered_multimap (C++11) stack queue priority_queue Algorithms library Iterators library Numerics library Common mathematical functions Complex numbers Pseudo-random number generation

Input/output library basic_streambuf basic_filebuf basic_stringbuf ios_base basic_ios basic_istream basic_ostream basic_iostream basic_ifstream basic_ofstream basic_fstream basic_istringstream basic_ostringstream basic_stringstream I/O manipulators C-style I/O Localizations library Regular expression library (C++11) Atomic operations library (C++11) Thread support library (C++11) Technical S

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http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support

major c++ compiler

1. GCC
2. Clang
3. MSVC

Clang은 Apple이 주도하고 Google,MS,Intel,ARM,Sony가 참여하는 거대 open source project. Clang은 compiler front end라고 하고 back end는 LLVM을 쓴다고 함. 나도 무슨 말인지 모름. ^^ LLVM(Low Level Virtual Machine)이니까 LLVM위에 올라가는 compiler라는 뜻인듯.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clang

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GCC download 받을 곳

1. cygwin
2. minGW
3. Equation - http://www.equation.com/servlet/equation.cmd?fa=fortran

MingGW는 http://www.mingw.org/나 sourceforge 말고 아래 사이트를 이용.

MinGW Distro

http://nuwen.net/mingw.html

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MinGW w64

http://mingw-w64.org/doku.php

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https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/3bstk3k5.aspx

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/vcblog/archive/2015/06/19/c-11-14-17-features-in-vs-2015-rtm.aspx

MS는 CPP compiler지원과 std library지원에 있어서 역시나 자신만의 길을 걷는다. 나쁜 세끼들. 표준에 따르지.

#ifdef _MSC_VER
// disable _s warnings
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
// disable pragma warnings
#pragma warning( disable : 4068 )
// standard function missing from MS library
#include 
int vasprintf(char ** ret, const char * format, va_list ap);
#else
#define _NOEXCEPT noexcept
#endif

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virtual, vtable, c++ vs c

http://www.eventhelix.com/RealtimeMantra/basics/ComparingCPPAndCPerformance2.htm#.Vju4c7NVhBc

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왜 C++는 optimazation에서 불리할까?

Inheritance - copy unnecessary codes

vtable - 

template - compiler generated codes for all possible types 

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http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/cv

Appear in any type specifier, including decl-specifier-seq of declaration grammar, to specify constness or volatility of the object being declared or of the type being named.

• const - defines that the type is constant.
• volatile - defines that the type is volatile.
• mutable - applies to non-static class members of non-reference non-const type and specifies that the member does not affect the externally visible state of the class (as often used for mutexes, memo caches, lazy evaluation, and access instrumentation). mutable members of const classes are modifiable. (Note: the C++ language grammar treats mutable as a storage-class-specifier, but it does not affect storage class.)

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http://www.cplusplus.com/reference

C Library

The elements of the C language library are also included as a subset of the C++ Standard library. These cover many aspects, from general utility functions and macros to input/output functions and dynamic memory management functions:

<cassert> (assert.h)

C Diagnostics Library (header)

<cctype> (ctype.h)

Character handling functions (header)

<cerrno> (errno.h)

C Errors (header)

<cfenv> (fenv.h)

Floating-point environment (header)

<cfloat> (float.h)

Characteristics of floating-point types (header)

<cinttypes> (inttypes.h)

C integer types (header)

<ciso646> (iso646.h)

ISO 646 Alternative operator spellings (header)

<climits> (limits.h)

Sizes of integral types (header)

<clocale> (locale.h)

C localization library (header)

<cmath> (math.h)

C numerics library (header)

<csetjmp> (setjmp.h)

Non local jumps (header)

<csignal> (signal.h)

C library to handle signals (header)

<cstdarg> (stdarg.h)

Variable arguments handling (header)

<cstdbool> (stdbool.h)

Boolean type (header)

<cstddef> (stddef.h)

C Standard definitions (header)

<cstdint> (stdint.h)

Integer types (header)

<cstdio> (stdio.h)

C library to perform Input/Output operations (header)

<cstdlib> (stdlib.h)

C Standard General Utilities Library (header)

<cstring> (string.h)

C Strings (header)

<ctgmath> (tgmath.h)

Type-generic math (header)

<ctime> (time.h)

C Time Library (header)

<cuchar> (uchar.h)

Unicode characters (header)

<cwchar> (wchar.h)

Wide characters (header)

<cwctype> (wctype.h)

Wide character type (header)

Containers

<array>

Array header (header)

<bitset>

Bitset header (header)

<deque>

Deque header (header)

<forward_list>

Forward list (header)

<list>

List header (header)

<map>

Map header (header)

<queue>

Queue header (header)

<set>

Set header (header)

<stack>

Stack header (header)

<unordered_map>

Unordered map header (header)

<unordered_set>

Unordered set header (header)

<vector>

Vector header (header)

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